Homework #23

#31-38 pg. 235

31. a. propane
      b. pentane
32. It means that carbon has four bonds
33. Yes. Although they are different in appearance in structure, the chemical makeup of all three isomers are identical.
34. See paper
35. The shortest alkaine would be CH4
36. Both ways are correct because it doesn't matter the physical appearance of the hydrocarbon molecule, as long as the chemical equation is correct.
37. a. See paper
      b. The branched chain would have the lower boiling point because its structure enables it to reach lower temperatures.
38. a. the short straight chain
      b. long branched chain
      c. short branched chain

#1-10 pg. 258

1. Petroleum is sometimes considered "buried sunshine" because the energy released by burning these fossil fuels represents energy originally captured from sunlight by prehistoric green plants during photosynthesis.

2. a. a skateboard at the top of a hill
    b. a skateboard in motion

3. When an energy-releasing chemical reaction takes place bonds break and reactant atoms reorganize to form new bonds.

4. Methane has more potential energy than butane.

5. a. potential
    b. potential
    c. kinetic
    d. potential
    e. kinetic

6. Energy is required to break chemical bonds the endothermic process in bond breaking and how much energy is given off, which is an exothermic reaction in bond making.

7. a. exothermic
    b. endothermic
    c. exothermic

8. Burning a candle is an exothermic reaction because the energy needed to light the candle is greater than the burning of the candle itself.

9. See paper.

10. Energy is neither created nor destroyed in any mechanical, physical, or chemical process.